Topics Covered

Electron guns and their design; interaction of electron beams and electromagnetic fields. Details of microwave tubes. Masers, parametric amplifiers, microwave circuits . Matrix representation of microwave component design. Analysis of  waveguide discontinuations and non-reciprocal microwave circuits , selected topics.

Topics Covered

Circuit theory for wave guide systems. N port circuits: impedance matrix, admittance matrix, scattering matrix and transmission matrix, their properties. Periodic structures and filters: wave analysis, impedance matching, wave and group velocities; comb lines and their analysis: introduction to filters, filter design by image parameter and insertion-loss methods; design of different type of filters.

Topics Covered

Types of optical waveguides: optical integrated circuits and guiding structures. Basics of optical waveguide analysis: basic equations for light waves, polarization of light, reflection and refraction, wave equations. Guided and radiation modes in dielectric slab waveguides. Coupled mode theory. Analytical solution for optical waveguides: WKB method, Marcatili's method, effective index method, equivalent network method. Computer aided design of integrated optical waveguide devices. Application of photonics to microwave devices. Nonlinear optical waveguides.

Topics Covered

Definitions, antenna as antenna as an aperture : arrays of point sources : review of  dipoles, loop and thin linear antennas . Helical antenna, biconical and spheroidal  antennas . internal-equation methods, current distribution : Self and mutual impedances : arrays : design and synthesis. Reflector type antennas . Banbiner`s principle and complementary antennas . Application of reaction concept and vocational principles  in antennas and propagation. Frequency independent antennas . Scattering and diffraction . Selected topics in microwave antennas . Antenna measurements . Application of broadcasting ,microwave links, satellite communication and radio astronomy.

Topics Covered

Review of multimedia communications; asynchronous and synchronous transmission techniques, synchronization issues and challenges, advanced signal compression, error-detection and correction methods; high-speed multimedia communication networks, switched network and enterprise networks; emerging technologies: ATM, SONET, SDH, ISDN, SMDS networks and their framing  formats, bandwidth requirements; traffic characteristics, traffic scheduling, resource reservation, and QoS issues of multimedia networks; wireless network for multimedia, mobile IP and mobile Adhoc networking, network security and secured remote access; protocol specification, UDP, TCP/IP and OSI reference models, SS7 and HDLC protocols, FTP, H.26x, RTP, SCTP, MSCTP, ICMP: message formats and transmission; voice over IP and mobile IP protocols, IPv6/IPv4 interoperability; advanced routing mechanisms, broadcast and multicast routing, watermarking and authentication for multimedia documents; NGI and Internet 2, revolutionary applications of Internet, transcoding of Internets multimedia content for universal access; entertainment networks, IP applications, audio and video conferencing, Internet through mobile and WiMAX.

Topics Covered

Overview of broadband wireless communications, multiple access techniques  -  TDMA, FDMA. Spread spectrum communications  -  direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), FHSS, THSS, modulator and demodulator structure, probability of error, jamming margin, decoding, performance in the presence of interference, PN sequence, CDMA, MC-CDMA, UWB transmission. Multi-user detection: multiple access interference, detector performance measure -BER, asymptotic efficiency, near-far resistance; detectors  - matched filter detector, de-correlator detector, MMSE detector, SIC, PIC, MAP and MLSE detectors. Propagation in mobile radio channels; channel models, fading –  large scale and small scale fading, flat fading and frequency selective fading channel, fast fading and slow fading  channel; delay spread, Doppler spread and angle spread; channel autocorrelation functions, scattering function, correlated and uncorrelated scattering (US), WSS and WSSUS model. Multiple antenna systems, capacity of SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO systems, ergodic capacity, outage capacity, STBC, OSTBC, QOSTBC, spatial multiplexing (SM) scheme, SM detection techniques, diversity and diversity combining techniques. Multi-carrier communications; Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), OFDM transceivers. Special issues of OFDM  - cyclic prefix, timing offset, frequency offset, synchronization, peak power problem, Broadband wireless standards.

Topics Covered

Optical networking: principles and challenges; evolution of optical networks, wavelength routed network, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network, sub-carrier multiplexing optical networks. Enabling technologies: optical transmitter, optical fiber, optical receivers, optical amplifiers, optical switching elements, optical cross-connects(OXC), multiplexers/demultiplexers, wavelength routers, optical wavelength converters, WDM network test beds. Network architecture, IP over WDM. Broadcast optical networks: single and multiple hop networks, channel sharing and multi-casting, shared channel multicasting network-GEMNET, performance evaluation for unicast and multicast traffic, experimental WDM networks. Wavelength routed networks: virtual topology design, routing and wavelength assignment, circuit switched and packet switched approaches, performance evaluation. Reconfiguration in WDM network, network control and management, network optimization, design considerations. Multi wavelength star and ring networks. Photonic switching, optical TDM (OTDM) and optical CDMA (O-CDMA)networks, next generation optical networks.

Topics Covered

Challenges in modern communications technology, baseband and broadband signal transmission, first and second Nyquists criteria for zero intersymbol interference; robust signal compression and detection techniques, optimum receivers, design of frequency-  and time-domain equalizers and echo cancellers; wired and wireless channel characteristics, AWGN channels, time-varying multipath faded channels, channel modeling; advanced source and channel coding techniques, high bit rate digital modulation schemes and MODEMs; SS7 and HDLC protocols, H.323, H.26x, RTP and SCTP; modern high speed communication networks and emerging technologies, access and backbone networks, intelligent networks, NGN; advanced switching and routing principles, complex multiplexing and multiple access techniques, orthogonal signals, OFDM, DWDM; broadband wireless communication, spread spectrum techniques, CDMA2000 and WCDMA, multi-carrier systems; 3G and 3GPP mobile communications and WiMAX technology, UMTS, VoIP, IP TV, HDTV.

Topics Covered

Introduction: Concept, evolution and fundamentals. Analog and digital  cellular systems. Cellular Radio System: Frequency reuse, co-channel interference, cell splitting and components. Mobile radio propagation: Propagation characteristics, models for radio propagation, antenna at cell site and mobile antenna. Frequency Management and Channel Assignment: Fundamentals, spectrum utilization, fundamentals of channel assignment, fixed channel assignment, non-fixed channel assignment, traffic and channel assignment. Handoffs and Dropped Calls: Reasons and types, forced handoffs, mobile assisted handoffs and dropped call rate. Diversity Techniques: Concept of diversity branch and signal paths, carrier to noise and carrier to interference ratio performance. Digital cellular systems: Global system for mobile, time division multiple access and code division multiple access.

Topics Covered

Introduction: Communication channels, mathematical model and characteristics. Probability and stochastic processes. Source coding: Mathematical models of information, entropy, Huffman code and linear predictive coding. Digital transmission system: Base band digital transmission, inter symbol interference, bandwidth, power efficiency, modulation and coding trade-off. Receiver for AWGN channels: Correlation demodulator, matched filter demodulator and maximum likelihood receiver. Channel capacity and coding: Channel models and capacities and random  selection of codes. Block codes and conventional codes: Linear block codes, convolution codes and coded modulation. Spread spectrum signals and system.

Topics Covered

Introduction. Light propagation through optical fiber: Ray optics theory and mode theory. Optical fiber: Types and characteristics, transmission characteristics, fiber joints and fiber couplers. Light sources: Light emitting diodes and laser diodes. Detectors: PIN photo-detector and avalanche photo-detectors. Receiver analysis: Direct detection and coherent detection, noise and limitations. Transmission limitations: Chromatic dispersion, nonlinear refraction, four wave mixing and laser phase noises. Optical amplifier: Laser and fiber amplifiers, applications and limitations. Multi-channel optical system: Frequency division multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing and co-channel interference. Optical fibre: modes of propagation, transmission characteristics, waveguide analysis. Optical sources: light emitting diode (LED) and semiconductor laser diode (SLD); operational principles, characteristic curves; optical transmitter design using LED/SLD. Optical amplifiers: laser and fibre amplifier5s. Photo detectors: P-i-N and avalanche photo detectors (APDs), noise sources. Optional modulation and detection schemes. Direct and coherent detection receivers: configuration, operation, noise sources, sensitivity calculation, performance curves. Design of analog and digital receivers. Transmission link analysis: point-to point and point-to multi-point links, system configuration, link power budget, rise time budget, line coding schemes, transmission system limitations, design of fibre-optic systems. Optical data buses, optical networks, fibre distributed data interface (FDDI) and synchronous optical network (SONET). Optional frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems.

Topics Covered

Optical properties in semiconductor: Direct and indirect band-gap materials, radiative and non-radiative  recombination, optical absorption, photo-generated excess carriers, minority carrier life time, luminescence and quantum efficiency in radiation. Properties of light: Particle and wave nature of light, polarization, interference, diffraction and blackbody radiation. Light emitting diode (LED): Principles, materials for visible and infrared LED, internal and external efficiency, loss mechanism, structure and coupling to optical fibers. Stimulated emission and light amplification: Spontaneous and stimulated  emission, Einstein relations, population inversion, absorption of radiation, optical feedback and threshold conditions. Semiconductor Lasers: Population inversion in degenerate semiconductors, laser cavity, operating wavelength, threshold current density, power output, hetero-junction lasers, optical and electrical confinement. Introduction to quantum well lasers. Photo-detectors: Photoconductors, junction photo-detectors, PIN detectors, avalanche
photodiodes and phototransistors. Solar cells: Solar energy  and spectrum, silicon and Schottkey solar cells. Modulation of light: Phase and amplitude modulation, electro-optic effect, acousto-optic effect and magneto-optic devices. Introduction to integrated optics.

Topics Covered

H.F transmission lines, Smith chart, Impedance matching techniques and applications. Guided E.M. waves, Parallel plane and Rectangular waveguides, Cavity resonator. Antennas and radiation, Small current element antenna, Long straight antenna, Radiation patterns and gain. Frequency Independent and Logperiodic antennas. Antenna arrays: Broadside and Endfire array, Phase scanning of Antennas arrays. Transit time effects, Velocity modulation, Microwave tubes: Klystron amplifier, Multicavity Klystron amplifier, Reflex Klystron oscillator, Magnetron Oscillator, Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA), Backward Wave Oscillator(BWO). Transmission lines: Voltage and current in ideal transmission lines, reflection, transmission, standing wave, impedance transformation, Smith chart, impedance matching and lossy transmission lines. Waveguides: general formulation, modes of propagation and losses in parallel plate, rectangular and circular waveguides. Microstrips: Structures and characteristics. Rectangular resonant cavities: Energy storage, losses and Q. Radiation: Small current element, radiation resistance, radiation pattern and properties, Hertzian and halfwave dipoles. Antennas: Mono pole, horn, rhombic and parabolic reflector, array, and Yagi-Uda antenna.

Topics Covered

Review of vector analysis. (a) Electrostatics: Coulomb's law, force, electric field intensity, electrical flux density. Gauss's theorem with application, Electrostatic potential, boundary conditions, method of images, Laplace's and Poisson's equations, energy of an electrostatic system, conductor and dielectrics. (b) Magnetostatics: Concepts of magnetic field, Ampere's law, Bio-Savart law, vector magnetic potential, energy of magnetostatic system, Mechanical forces and torques in Electric and Magnetic fields. Curvilinear co-ordinates, rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, solutions to static field problems. Graphical field mapping with applications, solution to Laplace equations, rectangular, cylindrical and spherical harmonics with applications. Maxwell's equations: Their derivatives, continuity of charges, concepts of displacement currents. Boundary conditions for time varying systems. Potentials used with varying charges and currents. Retarded potentials. Maxwell's equations in different coordinate systems. Relation between circuit theory and field theory: Circuit concepts and derivations from the field equations. High frequency circuit concepts, circuit radiation resistance. Skin effect and circuit impedance. Concept of good and perfect conductors and dielectrics. Current distribution in various types of conductors, depth of penetration, internal impedance, power loss, calculation of inductance and capacitance. Propagation and reflection of electromagnetic waves in unbounded media: plane wave propagation, polarization, power flow and Poynting's theorem. Transmission line analogy, reflection from conducting and dielectric boundary display lines ion in dielectrics, liquids and solids, plane wave propagation through the ionosphere. Introduction to radiation.  Static electric field: Postulates of electrostatics, Coulombs law for discrete and continuously distributed charges, Gausss law and its application, electric potential due to charge distribution, conductors and dielectrics in static electric field, flux density-  boundary conditions; capacitance-  electrostatic energy and forces, energy in terms of field equations, capacitance calculation of different geometries; boundary value problems-Poissons and Laplaces equations in different co-ordinate systems. Steady electric current: Ohms law, continuity equation, Joules law, resistance calculation. Static Magnetic field: Postulates of magnetostatics, Biot-Savarts law, Amperes law and applications, vector magnetic potential, magnetic dipole, magnetization, magnetic field intensity and relative permeability, boundary conditions for magnetic field, magnetic energy, magnetic forces, torque and inductance of different geometries. Time varying fields and Maxwells equations: Faradays law of electromagnetic induction, Maxwells equations  -  differential and integral forms, boundary conditions, potential functions; time harmonic fields and Poynting theorem. Plane electromagnetic wave: plane wave in loss less media- Doppler effect, transverse electromagnetic wave, polarization of plane wave; plane wave in lossy media-  low-loss dielectrics, good conductors; group velocity, instantaneous and average power densities, normal and oblique incidence of plane waves at plane boundaries for different polarization.  

Topics Covered

Overview of communication systems, signal spectra, Amplitude modulation and demodulation: DSB-SC, SSB, VSB. Frequency modulation and demodulation: NBFM, WBFM and Phase Modulation (PM). Pulse Modulation:  PAM, PCM, Delta Modulation, Frequency division and time division multiplexing and their application. Digital Modulation systems, Modems, Introduction to teletraffic theory. Radio wave propagation, effects of ionosphere and earth's curvature. Introduction  to satellite communication. Introduction to cellular mobile communication. Introduction to telephony, different types of switching, SPC and digital switching systems, time and space switching. Introduction to ATM, SDH, SONET and optical communications. RADAR and its applications. Introduction: Principle, evolution, networks, exchange and international regulatory bodies. Telephone apparatus: Microphone, speakers, ringer, pulse and tone dialing mechanism, side-tone mechanism, local and central batteries and advanced features. Switching system: Introduction to analog system, digital switching systems space division switching, blocking probability and multistage switching, time division switching and two dimensional switching. Traffic analysis: Traffic characterization, grades of service, network blocking probabilities, delay system and queuing. Modern telephone services and network: Internet telephony, facsimile, integrated services digital network, asynchronous transfer mode and intelligent networks. Introduction to cellular telephony and satellite communication.

Topics Covered

Overview of communication systems: Basic principles, fundamental elements, system limitations, message source, bandwidth requirements, transmission media types, bandwidth and transmission capacity. Noise: Source, characteristics of various types of noise and signal to noise ratio. Information theory: Measure of information, source encoding, error free communication over a noisy channel, channel capacity of a continuous system and channel capacity of a discrete memoryless system. Communication systems: Analog and digital. Continuous wave modulation: Transmission types-  base-band transmission, carrier transmission; amplitude modulation-introduction, double side band, single side band, vestigial side band, quadrature; spectral analysis of each type, envelope and synchronous detection; angle modulation-  instantaneous frequency, frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), spectral analysis, demodulation of FM and PM. Pulse modulation: Sampling- sampling theorem, Nyquist criterion, aliasing, instantaneous and natural sampling; pulse amplitude modulation-  principle, bandwidth requirements; pulse code modulation (PCM)- quantization principle, quantization noise, non-uniform quantization, signal to quantization error ratio, differential PCM, demodulation of PCM; delta modulation (DM)- principle, adaptive DM; line coding-  formats and bandwidths. Digital modulation: Amplitude-shift keying-principle, ON-OFF keying, bandwidth requirements, detection, noise performance; phase-shift keying (PSK)-principle, bandwidth requirements, detection, differential PSK, quadrature PSK, noise performance; frequency-shift keying (FSK)-  principle, continuous and discontinuous phase FSK, minimum-shift keying, bandwidth requirements, detection of FSK. Multiplexing: Time-division multiplexing (TDM)- principle, receiver synchronization, frame synchronization, TDM of multiple bit rate systems; frequency-division multiplexing (FDM)-  principle, de-multiplexing; wavelength-division multiplexing, multiple-access network-  time-division multiple-access (TDMA), frequency-division multiple access (FDMA); code-division multiple-access (CDMA) - spread spectrum
multiplexing, coding techniques and constraints of CDMA. Communication system design: design parameters, channel selection criteria and performance simulation.

Topics Covered

Dynamic medical signals: electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, electromyogram. Detailed analyses of electromedical signals: waveform, origin, interpretation and significance. Linear and nonlinear parametric modeling: autoregressive (AR), moving average (MA), autoregressive moving average (ARMA), bilinear models. Nonlinear nonparametric modeling: neural network, fractal and chaos based models. Software based medical signal detection and pattern recognition. Medical image analysis and compression. On-line monitoring and diagnosis.

Topics Covered

Fundamentals of molecular biology, genomics, and proteomics; DNA and microarray; genome sequencing; microarray technology and data pre-processing; gene feature selection; gene expression analysis; hidden Markov Model-based and time-frequency analysis of genomics and proteomic sequences, regulatory motif discovery; gene finding; gene clustering and classification; proteomic technologies, protein-protein interactions  and protein function prediction, modeling and inference for genetic regulatory networks, emerging applications of genomic signal processing.

Topics Covered

Speech production and phonetics: speech organs, articulatory phonentics, acoustic theory of speech production, vocal tract models, speech analysis: time and frequency domain analysis, formant and pitch estimation, speech coding: linear predictive coding (LPC), vocoders, vector quantization, speech enhancement techniques, speech synthesis: formant and LPC synthesizers, effect of different speeches and languages, automatic  speech and speaker recognition: feature extraction, hidden Markov models, noise robustness, measures of similarity, language and accent identification.

Topics Covered

Formation and representation of video, spatio-temporal video sampling, motion analysis and estimation: real versus apparent motion, optical flow, block- and mesh-based methods for motion estimation and region-based stochastic motion modeling, motion segmentation and layered video representations, video filtering: motion-compensated filtering, noise reduction, signal recovery, deblurring, superresolution, mosaicing, deinterlacing and frame-rate conversion, video compression techniques and standards, content-based video indexing and retrieval, video communication: digital television, streaming over IP and wireless networks, error control and watermarking, stereo and multiview sequence processing.