Topics Covered

Network  representation: Single line and reactance diagram of power system and per unit. Line representation: equivalent circuit of short, medium and long lines. Load flow: Gauss-Siedel and Newton Raphson Methods. Power flow control: Tap changing transformer, phase shifting, booster and regulating transformer and shunt capacitor. Fault analysis: Short circuit current and reactance of a synchronous machine. Symmetrical fault calculation methods: symmetrical components, sequence networks and unsymmetrical fault calculation. Protection: Introduction to relays, differential protection and distance protection. Introduction to circuit breakers. Typical layout of a substation. Load curves: Demand factor, diversity factor, load duration curves, energy load curve, load factor, capacity factor and plant factor.