Topics Covered

Overview of communication systems: Basic principles, fundamental elements, system limitations, message source, bandwidth requirements, transmission media types, bandwidth and transmission capacity. Noise: Source, characteristics of various types of noise and signal to noise ratio. Information theory: Measure of information, source encoding, error free communication over a noisy channel, channel capacity of a continuous system and channel capacity of a discrete memoryless system. Communication systems: Analog and digital. Continuous wave modulation: Transmission types-  base-band transmission, carrier transmission; amplitude modulation-introduction, double side band, single side band, vestigial side band, quadrature; spectral analysis of each type, envelope and synchronous detection; angle modulation-  instantaneous frequency, frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), spectral analysis, demodulation of FM and PM. Pulse modulation: Sampling- sampling theorem, Nyquist criterion, aliasing, instantaneous and natural sampling; pulse amplitude modulation-  principle, bandwidth requirements; pulse code modulation (PCM)- quantization principle, quantization noise, non-uniform quantization, signal to quantization error ratio, differential PCM, demodulation of PCM; delta modulation (DM)- principle, adaptive DM; line coding-  formats and bandwidths. Digital modulation: Amplitude-shift keying-principle, ON-OFF keying, bandwidth requirements, detection, noise performance; phase-shift keying (PSK)-principle, bandwidth requirements, detection, differential PSK, quadrature PSK, noise performance; frequency-shift keying (FSK)-  principle, continuous and discontinuous phase FSK, minimum-shift keying, bandwidth requirements, detection of FSK. Multiplexing: Time-division multiplexing (TDM)- principle, receiver synchronization, frame synchronization, TDM of multiple bit rate systems; frequency-division multiplexing (FDM)-  principle, de-multiplexing; wavelength-division multiplexing, multiple-access network-  time-division multiple-access (TDMA), frequency-division multiple access (FDMA); code-division multiple-access (CDMA) - spread spectrum
multiplexing, coding techniques and constraints of CDMA. Communication system design: design parameters, channel selection criteria and performance simulation.