Topics Covered

Inductance of transmission lines: Flux linkage, Inductance due to internal flux, Inductance of single phase two wire lines, Flux linkage of one conductor in a group, Inductance of composite conductor lines. GMD examples; 3 phase lines with equilateral spacing and unsymmetrical spacing. Parallel circuit 3 phase lines. Use of tables. Electrical field; potential difference between points due to a charge, capacitance of a two-wire line. Group of charged conductors. Capacitances of 3 phase lines with equilateral and with unsymmetrical spacing. Effect of earth, parallel circuit lines. Resistance and skin effect: Resistance and temperature, skin effects, influence on resistance, use of table, Current and voltage relation on a transmission line, T-  and pi-  representation, exact solution. Equivalent circuit of a long line. Mechanical characteristics of transmission line: Sag and stress analysis; Wind and ice loading, supports at different elevation conditions at erection; effect of
temperature changes. Generalized line constant: General line equation in terms of A, B, C, D constants. Relation between constants, charts of line constants, constants of combined networks, measurement of line constants. Circle Diagrams: Receiving end and sending end power circle diagrams. Voltage and power factor control in transmission systems. Tap changing Transformers; on load tap changing. Inductance regulators. Moving coil regulators; Boosting transformers. Power factor control; static condensers; synchronous condenser. Insulators for overhead lines; types of insulators, their construction and performance. Potential distribution in a string of insulators, string efficiency. Methods of equalizing potential distribution; special types of insulators, testing of insulators. Insulated cables, cables versus overhead lines, insulating materials. Electrostatic stress grading. Three core cables; dielectric losses and heating. Modern development; oil filled and gas filled cables. Measurement of capacitance. Cable testing. Introduction to transmission line
protection: over current relay and time grading, reverse power relays. Differential protection. Distant relays. Distribution: Distributor calculation, ring mains and interconnections.

Topics Covered

Design of SCR communication circuits, base and gate drive circuits of static switching devices, snubber circuits, switching losses and heat sink. Input/output filter design of static power converters. Design of protection circuits for static power converters. Scalar and vector control of AC machines using static power  converters. Design of microcomputer controllers for static power converter switching.

Topics Covered

Static switching devices, characteristics of SCR, BJT, MOSFET, IGBT, SIT, GTO, MCT. Classifications of static power converters and their application. Control circuits for static power converters. Pulse width modulation; PWM control of static power converters. Switch mode DC to DC converters, resonant converters, Fourier analysis of static converter waveforms, HD, THD, pf, ZVS and ZCS of static converters. Hysteresis current of AC drives.

Topics Covered

Energy conversion processes; general introduction, energy sources, principles or conservation of
energy balance equations. Direct electrical energy conversion: introduction: magnetohydronamic
(MHD): fuel cell: thermoelectrostatic: ferro-electric: photo-electric: photovoltaic, electrostatic and
piezoelectric energy conversions: characteristics including efficiency, power densities, terminal
properties and limitations. Electromechanical  energy conversion: general introduction of electrical
to mechanical, mechanical to electrical and electrical to electrical conversions. Bulk energy
conversion devices. General formulations of equations; co-ordinate transformation and terminal
characteristics.

Topics Covered

General treatment of Electrical Machine Design. Review of standard procedures in design of DC machines. AC machines, transformers and special machines. Optimization and synthesis of design procedures. Applications of material balance and critical path principles in electrical design. Design economics and safety factors. Applications of computers in modern designs including the operation of the machine in the nonlinear ranges: Magnetic flux-plots and heat transfer process etc. Mechanical design of electrical machinery and relation between machanical and electrical machine design.

Topics Covered

Permanent magnet machines. Hysteresis machine. Eddy current devices: homopolar machines. PAM motors and reluctance machines.

Topics Covered

Introduction to generalized machine theory. Kron's primitive machine: moving to fixed-axis transformation; Park's transformation: three-phase to d-q transformation: variable co-efficient transformation: other transformations. Matrix and tensor analysis of machines. Three phase synchronous and induction machines: two-phase servo motor: single phase induction motor. Smooth-air gap two-phase synchronous machine. Two-phase induction machine. The n-m winding symmetrical machine. Diagonalization by charge of variable. Symmetrical three-phase machine and special limiting cases.

Topics Covered

Special machines: series universal motor, permanent magnet DC motor, unipolar and bipolar brushless DC motors, stepper motor and control circuits. Reluctance and hysteresis motors with drive circuits, switched reluctance motor, electro static motor, repulsion motor, synchros and control transformers. Permanent magnet synchronous motors. Acyclic machines: Generators, conduction pump and induction pump. Magneto hydrodynamic generators. Fuel Cells, thermoelectric generators, flywheels. Vector control, linear motors and traction. Photovoltaic systems: stand alone and grid interfaced. Wind turbine generators: induction generator, AC-DC-AC conversion.

Topics Covered

Synchronous Generator: excitation systems, equivalent circuit, vector diagrams at different loads, factors affecting voltage regulation, synchronous impedance, synchronous impedance method of predicting voltage regulation and its limitations.  Parallel operation: Necessary conditions, synchronizing, circulating current and vector diagram. Synchronous motor: Operation, effect of loading under different excitation condition, effect of changing excitation, V-curves and starting. DC generator: Types, no-load voltage characteristics, build-up of a self excited shunt generator, critical field resistance, load-voltage characteristic, effect of speed on no-load and load characteristics and voltage regulation. DC motor: Torque, counter emf, speed, torque-speed characteristics, starting and speed regulation. Introduction to wind turbine generators Construction and basic characteristics of solar cells.

Topics Covered

Transformer: Ideal transformer-  transformation ratio, no-load and load vector diagrams; actual transformer-  equivalent circuit, regulation, short circuit and open circuit tests. Three phase induction motor: Rotating magnetic field, equivalent circuit, vector diagram, torque-speed characteristics, effect of changing rotor resistance and reactance on torque-speed curves, motor torque and developed rotor power, no-load test, blocked rotor test, starting and braking and speed control. Single phase induction motor: Theory of operation, equivalent circuit and starting.

Topics Covered

Introduction to solid state devices and thyristors: (i) Schottky rectifier (ii) Zener diode (iii) Diode and transistor  packages (iv) SCR and (v) TRIAC. Introduction to triggering devices: UJT, UJT relaxation oscillator, phase control circuit; Programmable UJT (PUT), PUT relaxation oscillator; Schottky diode; Silicon Unilateral Switch (SUS); DIAC; Silicon Bilateral Switch (SBS); Asymmetrical AC triggering devices. Motor Control: DC Motor braking and plugging circuits, transistor dynamic braking circuit, typical motor plugging circuit, emergency stop plugging circuit,; speed control PM/Shunt motors; electronic speed control using armature voltage control method. Solid state motor speed controller: Single transistor speed control; OP-AMP and Darlington power amplifier speed control, OP-AMP and MOSFET power amplifier control for PM/Shunt motors. SCR speed control circuits for PM/Shunt motors; simple SCR circuit, SCR plus UJT circuit variation of a pulse width modulation (PWM) speed control circuit. Speed control of series / universal motors: Series / universal motor control circuit using SCR (half wave control); TRIAC and DIAC (full wave control); TRIAC control with Hysteresis compensation, DC motor phase control; balance bridge (reversing) drive for PM or shunt motors, phase control circuit for Dc series motor. DC-DC chopper control, Basic Jones Chopper circuit. Stepper motors; stepper motors drive circuit using transistors, Darlington transistor and MOSFETs. Speed control of AC motors: Variable frequency converter block diagram, simplified single phase cycloconvereter. TRIAC control, single phase inverter, three phase six step inverter. Electronic timers. Switched mode power supplies. Voltage multipliers. Magnetic Amplifiers. Resistance welder controls. Induction heating. Dielectric heating. 

Topics Covered

Industrial motor controls, DC generators. Armature reaction in synchronous  generator. Two reaction analysis and concept of direct axis and quadrature axis reactance. Transient performances of rotating machines. Fundamentals of electromechanical energy conversions, energy storage. Generalized performance equations of machines. Interconnected system of alternators and load sharing. Excitation schemes of synchronous machines, starting of synchronous machines. Starting of induction motors, torque and speed control requirements. DC and AC motor control by traditional methods and by using SCRs. Electrical braking of DC and AC motors, Eddy current brakes. Amplidyne, Metadynes, synchronous converters, static power converters. Stepper motor principle, variable reluctance stepper motor.  Electrical machine design, design factors, design principles, transformer design, design of small single phase transformers, design of single phase induction motors.

Topics Covered

DC Generation:  Principles, Construction, classification, armature winding, voltage build up, armature reactions and commutation, performance and testing.  DC Motor:  operation, types, torque-speed characteristics, and methods of speed control. Transformers: principle, construction, cooling, vector diagrams and voltage regulations, equivalent circuit, harmonics in polyphase transformers, losses and efficiency.  Induction Motor:  principles of operation, structural details, equivalent circuits, speed-torque relations, losses and efficiency, circle diagram, induction generator. Synchronous generator: general outlines; salient poles and non-salient poles, armature and field cores, cooling, air gap flux, regulation, vector diagrams, armature reaction, losses and efficiency, transient conditions, parallel operation, load sharing.  Synchronous Motor:  Theory of operation, vector diagrams, V-curves, Tests, losses, efficiency and starting.

Topics Covered

Introduction to real time system; Classification of real time process; Real time scheduling; Real time programming; Implementation; Operating systems; Real time I/O. Real Time design methodologies. Modeling for real time systems. Reliable and Safe design for critical applications. Review of Microprocessor fundamentals and programmable input/output devices and systems for PC. Application examples: digital controls, robotics, on line systems, communication with real world signals and automatic control using feedback, feed-forward and adaptive control, control algorithm implementation.

Topics Covered

Introduction to microprocessors. Intel 8086 microprocessor: Architecture, addressing modes, instruction sets, assembly language programming, system design and interrupt. Interfacing: programmable peripheral interface, programmable timer, serial communication interface, programmable interrupt controller, direct memory access, keyboard and display interface. Introduction to micro-controllers.

Topics Covered

Review of 80x86 family of microprocessors. Instructions and data access methods in a 32 bit microprocessor; Representation of operands and operators; Instruction formats; Designing Arithmetic Logic Unit; Processor design: single bus, multi-bus architecture; Control Unit Design: hardwired, micro-programmed and pipe line; VLSI implementation of a microprocessor or part of a microprocessor design.

Topics Covered

Introduction to different types of microprocessors (8 bit, 16 bit etc.)  Introduction sets. Hardware organization. Microprocessor interfacing. Introduction to available microprocessor IC's. Microprocessor applications. Design of digital computer subsystem. Flow of information and logical flow diagram in timing and control signals. System organization: Hardware structures. Design of control unit of digital computer. Introduction to micro-programming. Multiprogramming, real time and time sharing computer systems. Data and instructions. Data systems, addressing of operative memory.  Machine instructions. Channel programs. Assembler program. Program execution. Program execution. Interrupt systems, I/O systems. Interconnection of computers. Operating systems. Control program. File handler. Program structure.Virtual memory.

Topics Covered

Physical defects in VLSI Circuits. Complexity and economics of testing. Fault models: Stuck-at Stack-on, Stack-open, bridging and delay faults. Testing combinational logic circuits : terminologies path sesicization, fanout and reconvergence, fault matrix , fault collapsing . test generation using D-algorithm,  Boolean difference and other methods. Testing sequential logic circ its : problems and remedies . Testability of different types of CMOS circuits for various faults . test invalidation. Robustly testable CMOS circuits . Test generation for static and dynamic CMOS. Design for testability: different techniques of enhancing testability scan design techniques, built-in self (BIST) Built-in current sensors (BICS) for IDDQ testing of CMOS circuits. Error detecting codes and self-checking circuits. Testable design of regular array architectures and PLAS: Testable design of regular array architectures and PLAS: the concept of C-testability.

Topics Covered

Trends and issues in high performance digital VLSI design : interconnect as key limiting factor, wire modeling, clock distribution of high speed system, power distribution, crosstalk and power distribution noise. High speed circuit design techniques; Low power design issues; High density and high speed memory design; SOI technology and circuits. VLSI circuits in signal processing; VLSI circuits in wireless communication. ASIC design.

Topics Covered

VLSI si  process technology. Si crystal growth and wafer preparation . epitaxial growth on Si substrate. Oxidation of Si. Lithography, diffusion: methods and models. Ion implantation, metallization. Overview and process flow of a CMOS and a BICMOS process. VLSI si  devices. Isolation techniques. Second order effects in BJT devices: base width modulation. Emitter current crowding, kirk effect . Second order effects in MOS devices: short channel effects, narrow width effects. Device scaling rules. Device models. Compact models for bipolar devices. Ebers-Moll type model. Gummel-poon type model and their implementation in SPICE. BJT model in SPICE2. Compactmodels for MOS transistor and  their implementation in SPICE. Level 1,2 and 3 MOS model parameters in SPICE. Parameter extraction for bipolar and MOS device models. Geometry, process and temperature dependency of bipolar and MOS model parameters. Parameter optimization, statistics of parameters and statistical modeling.